Kiln



Aug 8 1933- J. T. UNDERwooD 1,921,553

I KILN Filed Aug. 2v, 1931 s sheets-sheet 24 s JT, Un

Aug. s, 1933. 1T, UNDERWOOD 1,921,553

KILN

Filed Aug. 27, 1931 3 Sheets-Shea?I 3 Patented 8, 19733 Y n 11e-92195553f 'I 1,921,553 y. I 71mm @.f. ".2

Application August v27, 19311.;v 'serial Naf 559,757;

' 111omims.= (ollas-145) This inventionrrelates to kilns of-the1round Ytype, and hasfor one of its objects to improve kilns-.of this characterVto 4the end that the cost offbuilding, them may be .materiallyreducei to5 the end that they may contain without any vincrease inv Sizemore wareat eachburning, and to theend that a substantial saving ofjfuel-maybeeiected. f l To attainthe foregoing and other objects, the v nature ofwhich will appeargas thesdescription proceeds, the invention comprehendsthe provi-` sion of a kiln embodying a heating system which, unlike thewall furnaces .andbag walls-bf the y A kilns now inguse, will permitsubstantiallyall'of the oor of the kilntoibe utilizedfor ware. n

The invention` further lcomprehends the proj- .vision `of V`a kiln ofthe character stated wherein zthe heating4 'system shall embody acombustion chamber located below the center of the oorof theliln, a fluelocated centrally 4within the kiln andadapted to convey the products of'combusv Ai236 combustion chamber.V Y

The invention iurther .comprehends .the provision of a kiln -of thecharacterstated wherein f lthe gas Vtunnel ,shall ,be of. annularformation .in planiandarranged in surrounding relation to .the '.10.combustionchamber and in close relationto the ,floorof the kiln, theclose arrangement fof,.the gastunnel to ,the floor of thekiln permitting.the heatingof .the floor by the hotgases generatedin .the fire box.

C v .The .invention further comprehends the provi sion of a kilnof thecharacter-stated .wh'e'reinthe` .heating .system shall embody V-ineansfor delivering the air under pressure to Athereboxand'to l thecombustionchamber so astolprovidelan `ef-` 50 4fectve.draftthrough" thekilnalnd-reboxand so .as to .eilectltheburning of all, combustible gasesdliverelditothe combustion chamber. ,y

,1j AThe invention is hereinafter fully described and A claimed, .and.fillustratedin ,theaccompanying 155 `drawinfgs;wherein:--, A t

V,zon'tal planes [indicated byl .the Vline 2--2 Vof Figurel.A

v communicate attheir lower ends by way,ofigp'as- 'lzirjoducer,rtypengislocated outside. of thefiiring Figure ase'ctional-viewtakenona plane v'extending, vertically land centrally lthroughlthe kiln-constructedinaccordance withmy invention. Figure .a sectionalview takenlon .the-hor-iirrigare, 3 is@ .sectional viewftalgen on the non;zontalplanefindicatedby `,theline 3,`3. ,ofl.Fig ure.1.` u .l jfl@`Figure.`4is,a`sectional view, taken on Lthe'ver-y 65, .tical r.planeindicated by. the line. .of `Filgv Figure-5 isas'ectional viewtaken .onthe ver; tic'al plane :indicated by .the line l 5-,5 of Figure Figure `6is. a.. sectional view...illustrating the' combustion.chamber-equippedwith a gasp-burner'. l

--..Referrin'g..inv detail. to the drawings, 1 .des'ig .nates.the.:wall, 2' the oor-and3..the -top ofizl'le .kiln wh'chiis ...ofthe.,round typei and z"whichds" provided .below 'the center'of itsfloorwith a combustion chamber-AL, Aiuei-5 extends upwardlyjfromthecombustiorrchamber,4V-tosa vpoint j Y nea'1" the .top.,3. `,An.lar`inu1arldraftl tunnel 61o-V Y.cated below .thelomyl,.is.concentricallyre latedltojthe combustion. chamber 14', andis-`1o cated. close -to. the virali.v 1. vThat Aportion..'.c'af.th`e`oorl2. locateddirectly above the drafttunnel 6` .is provided .withopenings/"Twhich establishY communication betweenthelware -ring chamher8 fofrtheklneand the .draft.-tunnel.`- Stacks v `9 `located s outwardlyrof* the firingr` chamber .1.3

sageslfwithv thedraft tunnel ',Iheistacks ,9v are equally. kspacedabout.the firing chax'nber '8,..an"cl.the draft'tunnel yseparateyd Vbypa'r-Lti'tions ll'linto sections which. communicate. re-

`spectively with the ,respectivestacks?V 9;"'2 The faceiof the-Hoor. Thegas tunnel 14c'ommuni-l catesqivith the. combustion chamber.r 4 `bywayof a passage .15. rr.A dei-lector "16 of angular' formation-inhorizontal section is formed on the -outen side .wall of .the gastunnel 14 directlyLop- 'positelfthe passagel,` andfunctions.,v todirect'` thegases. from the, tunnelinto the passage., A rebox or gasgenerator 17; of the semi-gasA Iirzl'larnberi,` and conmiunieates-withIthegas tun- Y where they are burned. The resulting products ofcombustionl iiow into the firing chamber 8 by way ofthe flue 5. Theproducts of combustion flow downwardly through the ring chamber 8 intothe draft tunnel 6, and flow from the draft tunnel to the stacks 9. Thefire box 1'7 is suppliedV with air by a fan 20, the air being conlocatedwithin the fire box.

hated.

veyed by a pipe 21 from the fan to nozzlesr22 from the fan 2,0 to anozzle 24 located within the combustion chamber 4 and directs suflicientair from the fan into the combustion chamber to insure the burning'ofall combustible gases delivered tok thecombustion chamber.

If desired, the fire box 17 may be omitted and natural or producer gasmaybe deliveredby a pipe 25 to anozzle 26 locatedwithin the combustionchamber 4. The'nozzle 26 is located centrally within an air nozzle 27 towhich air is delivered from a fan, not shown, by a pipe 28. WithV thisarrangement of the gas nozzle 26 and the air noz'-y zle 27 the gas isdelivered to the combustion chamber 4 within anascendingV columnrof airwhereby Y the substantial complete combustion thereof is assured.

As the gasis burned in the center of the'kiln comparatively little heatis lost by radiation, with l stantially the entire Aiioor of the kilnmaybe used 40 for supporting ware. In view thereof, the ware receivingcapacity of the kilnis greater than a lkiln ofsimilar size'having wallfurnaces and bag walls. Whenthe fireY .box17 is employed the hot gasespassing, therefrom to the gas tunnel 14 will,

` due to the close'relation of the tunnel to the floor of the kiln, heatthe iioor before entering the combustion chambervr 4. In View thereofandas the products of combustion are delivered from the combustionchamber 4 to the firing chamber 8, a large amount of ware may beV redwith a com,- paratively small amount of fuel. One of the advantages ofmy invention resides in the fact that the kiln is so constructed thatware in the central portion of the' kiln will not overburn while warearound the outside of thekiln will not underburn. With my kiln, thedraft flue goes around the out- V side circumference of the kiln orbeneath the outermargirry of the ware firing floor.l Thus the vgreaterpart of the heat is conducted tofthe outside k'edge of kiln before itcan possiblyenterthe stacks- The heat is not conducted'directly tothe-stacks but is conducted around this Aoutside margin of the kilnV sothat a propery amount-of heat is ygiven to this portion of the kiln andthus underburning of the ware at this point is elimi- In mykiln no Warecan be set overa furnace or heater because the main combustion chamberis disposed at the center of the kiln with the iiue 5 immediately aboveit. Gases yfrom the .fuel being burned in the iire` box 17 are conductedbeneath the fioor of the kiln but these are at a relatively speaking lowheat as complete combustion takes place in the central chamber'. Whenburning gas alone in my kiln, complete combustion takes place in thiscentral chamber ibut if A pipe 23 extendsV coal be burned in the nre boxpartial combustion takes place in the furnace and is finished in thecenter chamber by the introduction of secondary air. This is possiblebecause I have provided a mechanical control of the air supply and thusI can produce either a reducing fire by shutting off the air or aperfect oxydizing re by supplying the proper amount of air. This is verynecessary as the market requires wareof various colors'and without thecontrol of the air supply it is impossible to produce the desired colorswhich are brought aboutby a greater or less reducing condition in thekiln. With my kiln, I have absolute control of the air flow whichcontrols the condition of the rire.

' By having the draft tunnel 6 around the outsidecircumference `of thekiln, I conduct agreater part of Ythe heat to this outsideedge. It is myAopinion that no center fire kiln can be successful ly illustrative and`thatv such changes may be 'f1 made, when desired, as fall within theinvention as claimed. f

What is claimed` isz- I the scope of 1. A'kiln comprising a warel firingchamber, a combustion chamber located at the center of f and below the`floor of the firing chamber, means for delivering gaseous fuel to thecombustion 2100 while r have` described the prmcipieA of theinchamber, aiiue extending upwardlyV from the v combustion chamber into the firingchamber,

stacks located outside the firing chamber, and a 11'circumferentially'extending dra-ft tunnel disposed within the-outer walland below the floor ofthe ware firing chamber adjacent the Vouter marginthereof. l 'c f, @2. A kiln comprising a firing chamber, 'a' com,bustion chamber located below the center of the firing chamber, meansfor delivering gaseous fuel and air to` the combustion chamber, asingleiiue extending upwardly from the combustion chamber into the firingchamber, stacks locate firing chamber, means for delivering gaseous fueland air to the `combustion chamber, a flue extending upwardly from thecombustion chamber into the firing chamber, stacks located outsideoutside the firing chamber, and an annular draft the firing chamber, anannular draft tunnel located below the ware ring chamber andcommunicating with the stacks and with the bottom of the firing chamberadjacent vthe outer margin thereof,Y andpartitions separating the drafttunnel into sections which communicate respectively with the respectivestacks.

4. A kiln comprising a firing chamber, a combustion chamber locatedbelow the'` center of the firing chamber, a ue extending upwardly ,fromthe combustion chamber into the firing chamber, an annular gas Vtunnellocated below the firing chamber and communicating with the 150 thebottom of thering chamber, and means for delivering gas to the tunnel.

5. A kiln comprising a firing chamber, a combusr'tion chamber'locatedbelow the center of the firing chamber, a flue extending upwardly fromthe combustion chamber intothe firing chamber, an annular gas tunnellocated below the firing chamber and communicating Vwith the' combustionchamber, stacks communicating with the bottom of the firing chamber,means for delivering gas to the tunnel, and means for Adelivering airVto the combustion chamber.

6. A kiln comprising a firing chamber, a com-y the combustion chamberinto the firing chamber,

stacks communicating with the bottom 'of the firing chamber, an annulargas'tunnel located below the firing chamber in surrounding relation tothe combustion chamber, arpassage extending from the tunnel to thecombustion chamber, a defiector in the tunnel directly oppositesaidipaa` sage, and a fire box located outside the firingv chamber andcommunicating with the wall at aA point diametrically opposite the pointof communication between the tunnel and passage, the` tunnel beingprovided directly opposite its. point of communication with the lire boxwith' an inwardly offset chamber.

8. A kiln comprising a iiring chamber, a com-v bustion chamber` locatedbelow the center of the firing chamber, a flue extending upwardly fromthe combustion chamber intothe firing chamber, a stack communicatingwithvthe bottom of the firing chamber, an annular gas tunnel locatedbelow and close to the iloor of the firing chamber and surrounding 'andcommunicating with the combustion. chamber, and. means for deliveringhot gases to the tunnel.

combustion chamber located'below thecenter of the firing chamber, a flueextending upwardly from the combustion chamber into `thefrinlg'fsolchamber, a stack located outwardly* of the comf bustion chamber, avdraft tunnel, located below'Av the outermargin' of thecombustionchamber and 9. A kiln comprisingna ware firing chamber,:a

extending around the kiln and communicatingV with theY interior of thekilnthrough the bottom -thereof and with thestacks, a re box locatedvexteriorly of the kiln, a gas tunnel communicating with the re boxextending entirely around l vthe centralV fluein spaced relation theretoand discharging into the combustion chamber, and

means for regulatably discharging air-into the combustion chamber. f

10. AY kiln comprising a ware firingychamber, a'

combustion chamber located belowgthe center of theiiring chamber, a flueextending upwardly from the combustion chamberv into the firing chamber,a stack located outwardly :of the coni' bustion chamber,l a draft tunnellocated below the outer margin of the combustion chamber and extendingaround the kiln and communicating with the intericrofthe kiln throughthe bottom thereof and with the stacks, a fire box located exteriorly ofthe kiln, a gas tunnel communicating with the `iire box extendingentirely around the central flue in spaced relationtheretoand dis,

`charging intov the combustion chamber, ,and

means for regulatablydischarging lair intoY the fire box and thecombustion chamber.

11. A'kiln comprising. a firing chamber, a combustion chamber locatedbelow the center of the ring chamber, a flue extending upwardly from theouterrnargin thereof, the drafttunnel` communicating with the interiorof the firing chamt theV combustion chamber into the interior of vthev f4,firing chamber, an annular draft tunnel disposed beneath the oor ofthe firing chamber and at ber at the outer margin thereof, and at aplurality yof points, draft means for carrying off the i products` ofvcombustion from the draft tunnel,`

and auxiliary means for discharging partially burned hot gases `into thecombustion chamber and including a circuitous gas Ytunnel disposedbeneath the floor of the ware firing chamber.

,JOHN T. UNDERWOOD.

